Lelang was one of the Chinese China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity commanderies The commandery was a historical administrative level of China. During the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE), it was one level below a district (縣/县). Qin Shi Huang (r. 221–210 BCE), who unified the Warring States into one heavily-centralized empire, inverted the hierarchy and made commanderies higher than districts. During the Han Dynasty (202 which was kept in the Korean Peninsula The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about 684 miles from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (also called East Sea) on the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water over 400 years until Goguryeo Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province conquered it in 313 A.D.
Contents |
History
In 108 B.C. Emperor Wu Emperor Wu of Han , (156 BC–29 March, 87 BC), personal name Liu Che (劉徹), was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized. He is cited in Chinese of the Han Dynasty The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–265 CE). It was founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE) of the former regent Wang Mang. This conquered the area under Ugeo (右渠), a grandson of Wiman. The Emperor set up Lelang, Lintun, Xuantu In the 5th year of Shiyuan , Han Dynasty changed adninistrative unites of the Four Commanderies of Han, and the government of Xuantu Commandery (Xuantu Jun, 玄菟郡) moved to Gaogouli Prefecture. At the time there were three counties in Xuantu Commandery: Gaogouli (高/Gao means high), Shangyintai (上殷台, 上/Shang means upper) and Xigaima ( and Zhenfan, known as the Four Commanderies of Han The Four Commanderies of Han are Lelang, Lintun, Xuantu and Zhenfan commanderies in part of the northwest Korean peninsula or Liaodong Peninsula set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in early 2nd century BC after his conquest of Wiman Joseon. The commanderies were set up to control the populace in the area previously under the control of (漢四郡) in the Korean Peninsula. The Book of Han The History of the Former Han Dynasty is a classical Chinese history finished in 111 AD, covering the history of China under the Western Han from 206 BC to 25 AD. It is also sometimes called the Book of Former Han. The work was composed by Ban Biao, Ban Gu, and Ban Zhao. A second work, the History of the Later Han Dynasty covers the Eastern Han records Lelang belonged to Youzhou Yanjing was an ancient city and capital of the State of Yan in northern China. It was located in modern Beijing, located in northwestern Korea consisted of 25 prefectures Prefecture indicates the office, seat, territorial circumscription of a Prefect. The term prefecture is also used to refer to offices analogous to prefectures, 62,812 houses, and the population was 406,748.[1] Its capital was located near P'yŏngyang Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea, located on the Taedong River. According to preliminary results from the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,388. (Rangrang 樂浪/락랑 is a district in central P'yŏngyang today.)
After Emperor Wu's death, Zhenfan and Lintun were abolished and Xuantu was moved to Liaodong The Liáodōng Peninsula is a peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east-Manchuria. Liaodong (formerly spelled Liaotung) means "East of the Liáo". The Liáo River was a river during the Warring States that divided the Yan commandries of Liáoxī (simplified Chinese: 辽西;. Some prefectures of the abolished commanderies were incorporated into Lelang. Lelang after the consolidation is sometimes called "Greater Lelang commandery". Since Lelang became too large for a commandery, the Defender of the Southern Section (南部都尉) was set up to rule the seven prefectures which formerly belonged to Zhenfan. Before that, the Defender of the Eastern Section (東部都尉) was put to rule former Lintun's seven prefectures.
An influx of Chinese immigrants, mainly from the Yan Yan was a state during the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods in China. Its capital was Ji (nowadays Beijing, also known as Yanjing, "capital of Yan"). During the Warring States, the capital was also moved to its lower capital at Xiadu at times, which was the largest city in terms of area at the time (Hebei Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: Héběi; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (pinyin: jì), named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei means &) and Qi Qi was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States in ancient China. Its capital was Linzi, which is part of the present city of Zibo in Shandong Province (Shandong Shandong (simplified Chinese: 山 ) provinces, continued without cessation, implanting Chinese culture The Culture of China is one of the world's oldest and most complex cultures. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between towns, cities and provinces into the peninsula. The Yan people came from the Yan area, around what is now Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking (pronounced /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Governed as a municipality under direct administration of the central government, Beijing borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and for a small section in the east, and Tianjin, via Liaodong; and the Qi people came across the Yellow Sea The innermost bay of the Yellow Sea is called the Bohai Sea . Into it flow both the Yellow River (through Shandong province and its capital Jinan) and Hai He (through Beijing and Tianjin). Among them, the Wang clan, whose ancestor is said to have fled there from Qi in the 2nd century B.C., became powerful. It is presumed that most of the Lelang Chinese spoke the Yan dialect.
While the Han Dynasty was taken over by Wang Mang Wang Mang (45 BC – 6 October 23), courtesy name Jujun (巨君), was a Han Dynasty official who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded the Xin (or Hsin, meaning "new") Dynasty (新朝), ruling AD 9–23. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before, China fell into chaos. Wang Tiao (王調) started a rebellion and tried to secede from China. In 30 A.D. the rebellion was stopped by Wang Zun (王遵), whom Emperor Guangwu Emperor Guangwu , born Liu Xiu, was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty, restorer of the dynasty in AD 25 and thus founder of the Later Han or Eastern Han (the restored Han Dynasty). He ruled over parts of China at first, and through suppression and conquest of regional warlords, the whole of China was consolidated by the time of his death in 57 appointed as governor. Lelang came under the direct control of China once again. However, the shortages of human resources caused by the turmoil resulted in the abolishment of the seven eastern prefectures. The administration was left to the Hui (濊) natives, whose chiefs were conferred as marquisate.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–265 CE). It was founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE) of the former regent Wang Mang. This, Gongsun Du Gongsun Du was a general of the Late Eastern Han Dynasty. He did not get the opportunity to really get into battle until Dong Zhuo seized power from Emperor Shao. Dong Zhuo, hoping to expand the empire, gave Gongsun Du the command to attack Korea from across the sea. Du was successful in his attack and set up the Daifang and Lelang commanderies,, appointed as the Governor of Liaodong The Liáodōng Peninsula is a peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east-Manchuria. Liaodong (formerly spelled Liaotung) means "East of the Liáo". The Liáo River was a river during the Warring States that divided the Yan commandries of Liáoxī (simplified Chinese: 辽西; in 184, extended his semi-independent domain to the Lelang and Xuantu commanderies. His son Gongsun Kang He was born to Gongsun Du, Governor of Liaodong. In 204 Kang took over the position with the territories of Liaodong, Xuantu and Lelang. He was nominally subject to Cao Cao while keeping his domain semiindependent. In 207 he pleased Cao Cao in killing Yuan Shang , the last attested member of the clans of Yuan Shao and escaped the conquest of Cao separated the southern half from the Lelang commandery and established the Daifang commandery Daifang Commandery was one of the remnants of the Four Commanderies of Han China in the Korean peninsula in 204. As a result, the Lelang commandery reverted to its original size.
In 236 under the order of Ming Di of the Kingdom of Wei The three kingdoms were Wei , Shu (蜀), and Wu (吳). To help further distinguish these states from other historical Chinese states of the same name, historians add a relevant character: Wei is also known as Cao Wei (曹魏), Shu is also known as Shu Han (蜀漢), and Wu is also known as Dong Wu or Eastern Wu (東吳). The term Three Kingdoms, Sima Yi Sima Yi was a strategist, general, and politician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He is perhaps best known for defending Cao Wei from Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions. His success and subsequent rise in prominence paved the way for his grandson Sima Yan's foundation of the Jin Dynasty, which would eventually bring an end to crushed the Gongsun family and annexed Liaodong, Lelang and Daifang to Wei. Lelang was inherited by the Jin Dynasty. Due to bitter civil wars, Jin became unable to control the Korean peninsula at the beginning of the 4th century. Zhang Tong (張統) broke away from Jin in Lelang and Daifang. After Luoyang Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast, the capital of Jin, was occupied by the Xiongnu The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia with a ruling class of unknown origin. The bulk of information on the Xiongnu comes from Chinese sources. What little is known of their titles and names comes from Chinese transliterations from their language in 311, he went for help to Murong Hui, a Xianbei The Xianbei were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan warlord, with his subjects. Murong Hui put another small Lelang commandery in Liaodong. The former Lelang was then annexed by Goguryeo Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province.
References
- ^ 前漢書卷二十八地理志第八 "樂浪郡，武帝元封三年開。莽曰樂鮮。屬幽州。戶六萬二千八百一十二，口四十萬六千七百四十八。有雲鄣。縣二十五：朝鮮，讑邯，浿水，水西至增地入海。" Wikisource: the Book of Han, volume 28-2
See also
- List of Korea-related topics 1: 1988 Summer Olympics - 1988 Summer Olympics events - 2002 FIFA World Cup - 2002 FIFA World Cup group stages - 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification
- History of Korea The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began before 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age around 2500 BC. According to the Samguk Yusa and other Korean medieval-era records, the Gojoseon kingdom was said to be founded in 2333 BC,
External links
Categories: Early Korean history | Han Dynasty | Cao Wei | Jin Dynasty | Former Yan
Bill
ue, 11 Nov 2008 07:53:06 GM
The Korean kingdom of Gojoseon falls, and Chinese Emperor Wu of Han establishes the . Lelang Commandery. in northern Korea. December The Han Dynasty Chinese under commander Zhao Ponu are victorious in the Battle of Loulan in the Tarim ...
